三种骨移植材料的骨诱导活性对比实验研究

Comparison of osteoinductive activity of three types of bone graft materials

[目的]通过对人工骨硫酸钙(CS)、同种异体和异种脱矿骨(DBM)3种骨移植材料异位诱导成骨效应的观察,比较其骨诱导活性优劣,为临床选择合适的骨移植材料提供参考依据。[方法]采用大鼠股部肌袋内埋植实验。选择成年斯普拉大鼠共36只,随机分成A、B2组,每组18只。A组左侧植入CS(A1),右侧植入同种异体DBM(A2);B组左侧植入异种DBM(B1),右侧不植入任何材料行空白对照(B2)。通过异位诱导成骨实验,在植入后2、4、6周取材作大体、组织形态学观察及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和钙离子生化测定,对不同材料的骨诱导活性进行评价。[结果]术后2周,2种DBM被纤维组织包裹,可观察到DBM骨片周围间充质细胞聚集;4周时可见软骨细胞、成骨细胞形成;6周时有类似软骨基质样物质形成;ALP和钙离子含量在各时间段均高于对照组,说明2种DBM具有骨诱导活性,其结果差异具有供体依赖性。而CS降解吸收快,炎症反应轻,未见诱导成骨现象。[结论]2种DBM具有骨诱导活性,同种异体DBM较好,异种DBM次之,供体的差异性和DBM的制备可影响其在体内的骨诱导活性。CS生物相容性较好,是可供选择的骨修复填充材料。

[ Objective] To compare the osteoinductive activity of calcium sulfate （CS） ,allogenetic demineralized bone materials （ADBM） and heterogenetic demineralized bone materials （HDBM） by observing their efficiency in inducing bone formation. [ Method ] CS, ADBM and HDBM were transplanted into thigh muscle pouches of mice. Thirty-six mature Sprague-Dawly mice were divided into 2 groups at random. CS was transplanted into the left（group A 1 ,n =9） and ADBM into the right （group A2,n = 9） thigh muscle pouches. HDBM was transplanted into the left thigh muscle pouches （ group B 1, n = 9 ） and the right sites were taken as blank controls （ group B2, n = 9）. Experiments were done to induce ectopic bone formation. At 2,4,6 weeks postoperatively, specimen were collected to evaluate gross and tissue structures and biochemical tests for alkaline pbosphatase （ALP） and Ca^2＋ so that osteoinductive activities of different bone graft materials could be assessed. [ Result ] At 2 weeks postoperativly,ADBM and HDBM were wrapped up by fibrous tissues and stromal cells gathering around the DBM slices. At 4 weeks postoperativly, formation of cartilage and osteoblasts were observed, and at 6 weeks, materials like cartilage matrix were observed to grow. The concentration of ALP and Ca^2＋ in study groups was higher than that of control group, which meant that 2 types of DBM had osteogenic potential and that the differences of osteogenetie potential in ADBM and HDBM relied on the donors, whereas CS could be degraded and absorbed fast with light inflammatory reaction and no ectopic bone formation was observed in CS graft. [ Conclusion] Both ADBM and HDBM have osteoinductive potential. ADBM is better in inducing ectopic bone formation than HDBM. Differences in donors and preparation of ADBM and HDBM have impacts on their abilities of inducing ectopic bone formation. CS is good at biocompatibility and could be used as bulking agents to repair bone defects.