22例原发性气管肿瘤的诊断与外科治疗

The Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of 22 Patients with Primary Tracheal Tumors

目的总结22例原发性气管肿瘤手术治疗的临床经验,以提高手术疗效。方法22例原发性气管肿瘤患者,其中良性肿瘤4例,恶性肿瘤18例。行气管对端吻合14例,隆凸重建4例,纤维支气管镜下摘除肿瘤1例,局部搔刮2例,气管修补1例。气管切除长度2.0～5.2cm,平均3.8cm。结果22例中确诊前有17例在门诊误诊,误诊率77.3%,大多数患者被误诊为支气管哮喘。术后30d内死亡1例,死于急性呼吸衰竭。发生并发症7例(31.8%),分别为肺部感染4例,吻合口瘘1例,乳糜胸2例;远期并发症吻合口狭窄3例,经再次手术治疗,狭窄改善。随访20例,随访时间1个月～8年。4例良性肿瘤患者在随访期间均无瘤生存;16例恶性肿瘤患者术后随访满5年以上生存6例,因肿瘤脑、肝和骨远处转移死亡3例。结论手术切除是治疗气管肿瘤最有效的方法,气管节段切除是治疗气管恶性肿瘤的主要术式,良性肿瘤可以考虑保守术式,降低手术并发症是取得良好手术疗效的关键,掌握气管肿瘤的临床特点、提高对该病的认识是减少误诊的有效手段。

Objective To summarize the clinical experiences in treating primary tracheal tumors by surgery, so as to improve the results of surgical treatment. Methods The clinical data concerning 22 surgically treated patients were retrospectively analyzed. Four patients tumor were benign and eighteen cases＇s tumor was malignant. Tracheal resections and end to end anastomosis were performed in 14 cases, carinal resection was performed in 4 cases, lateral tracheal wall resection was performed in 1 case, local scrape were performed in 2 cases, tumor was resected trans fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 1 case. Tracheal resectable length was from 2. 0cm to 5.2cm, and the average resectable length was 3. gem in operation. Results 17 cases had been misdiagnosised （77.3%） in outpatient department. It was easy to be misdiagnosised as asthma. One case died of respiratory failure after operation in 30 days. The complication rate was 31. 8%, complications consist of pneumonia in 4 cases, anastomosis leakage in 1 case and chylothorax in 2 cases. Anastomosis stenosis was found in 3 cases, the syndromes were improved after treatment. Twenty cases were followed up from 1 month to 8 years. Four cases with benign tumors were still alive. Among 16 cases with malignant tumors, 6 cases had survived more than 5 years, 3 cases died of brain, liver, bone metastasis of malignant tumors. Conclusion Surgical resection is the most effective treatment of tracheal tumors. Tracheal resection and reconstruction is the main choice of primary tracheal tumors treatment. Benign tumors can be resected conservatively. The reductions of operative complications are the key points of good surgical results. To know the characteristic of primary tracheal tumors well can reduce the misdiagnosis rate.