海南南湾猕猴种群增长的研究

STUDIES ON POPULATION GROWTH OF MACACA MULATTA AT NANWAN, HAINAN

对海南南湾猕猴１９６５～１９９４年间的种群动态和雌性猴生命表的研究表明，该种群年均增长率为９．７％，１９８７年后种群增长率和繁殖率有所下降，猴群中非成年猴比例已不足５０％。半驯化雌性猴的逐年存活率到１７岁仍达０．５８，通过对存活曲线和寿命期望曲线的分析，南湾雌猴寿命可达３３～３８岁。婴猴死亡率较低、成年猴死亡率较高，存活曲线属Ⅰ形即凸形。研究表明静态生命表编制方法不适于灵长类，在建立标准化存活曲线时应考虑种群综合死亡系数。猕猴通过存活率、繁殖率、群体结构变化等社群调节机制达到种群平衡。对南湾猕猴近年内每年可捕捉利用１００～１５０只左右，１０岁以上的猴应占５０％以上，在不影响种群遗传多样性水平上，可适当多捕一些成年雄猴。

The rhesus monkey population dynamics and the life table of female rhesus were studied again with the observations of 16 years from 1978 to 1994 at Nanwan, Hainan. The results show that the population growth rate annually was 9 7% in 1965～1994, and that rate and birth rate seem to be decreasing since 1987. The proportions of immature members in the monkey group and their group size are declining now. The age specific survival rate of 17 years old females are 0 58. The analysis results of standard survival and life span expectation suggested that their life span could reach 33 to 38 years of age. The survival curve belongs to type Ⅰ or convex shape, and it indicated that the mortality of infants was low and that of adults was high. This paper recognized that it is unsuitable to apply the static life table to study primates. The constant hazard function should be considered in establishing standard survival rate. The rhesus monkeys are capable of keeping their population in balance by regulating survival and/or birth rate.