棉花耐盐性研究进展

Recent Progresses in Studies on Salinity Tolerence in Cotton

棉花是最耐盐的农作物之一，其耐盐性因品种、生育阶段、器官以及土壤盐分种类等不同而差异较大。盐胁迫对棉花的伤害主要是盐离子对幼嫩器官或发育转换时期的细胞膜结构和功能的伤害，抑制棉苗生长，影响生育进程，减少总果节数，降低产量品质。棉花的耐盐机理在于地上部对盐分的区域化分布，减少光合细胞质中盐离子浓度，增强盐胁迫条件下棉花对Ｋ＋、Ｃａ２＋、ＮＯ－３、Ｈ２ＰＯ－４等离子的吸收、运输和转化。

Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the most salinity tolerance crops. The different kinds of variety, growth stage, organ and soil salinity result in the dissimilarities of salinity tolerance. The ion toxicity to membrane composition and function of new organs or newly developing stages is the major damage of cotton under salt stress which inhibits the growth, affects development course, decreases total fruit knots, yields and qualities. The mechanism of salt tolerance in cotton is due to the ion compartmentation in shoot which can reduce the amount of salt in the photosynthesis cytoplasmic and increase the absorbption, transportation and exchange of K +,Ca +,NO - 3 and H 2PO - 4 and so on under salt stress.