小五与大二学生关联性记忆错觉的对比研究

Contrastive Research on Relatedness Effect in Memory Illusion between Pupils in Grade Five and Undergraduates in Grade Two

目的:本研究采用DRM范式(Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm),考察了关联性记忆错觉的年龄效应。方法:采用2(年级)×3(项目类型)实验设计进行实验。结果:结果发现:①大学二年级被试学习项目的正确再认率和关键诱饵的虚假再认率差异不显著;小学五年级被试学习项目的正确再认率和关键诱饵的虚假再认率差异显著;②大学二年级和小学五年级在学习项目的正确再认率上差异不显著,在关键诱饵的虚假再认率和未学过词的错误再认率上差异显著。结论:在经典的DRM范式下,关联性记忆错觉存在着年龄差异,并且有随着年龄的增长而增长的趋势。

Objective： The Deese- Roediger- McDermott （DRM） paradigm was adopted to study the difference existed in relatedness effect in memory illusions. Methods： The Deese- Roediger- McDermott （DRM） paradigm was adopted in the present 2 （levels of ages）× 3 （types of items） factorial design to investigate whether significant difference existed in terms of relatedness effect in memory il- lusions between pupils in grade five and undergraduates in grade two. The first factor was betweensubject and the second was withinsubject. Results： It was shown that： ①There was no significant difference between the scores of learned items and critical lures of undergraduates in grade two. However, the scores of pupils in grade five were significantly different.②There was no significant difference in the results of the learned items but significant difference in aspects of critical lures and non-learned items between the two different ages. Conclusion： It has been found that significant difference in relatedness effect in memory illusions between pupils in grade five and undergraduates in grade two. Further, the relatedness effect in memory illusions increases as people grow up.