国际航空承运人责任演变基础之探究——以空运业发展史为视角

Development of Principle of Civil Aviation Carrier Responsibility from Airlift History

论述了国际航空承运人责任的演变历史,即空运业萌芽、成长、成熟的发展史。空运业萌生期过失推定责任的确立是深受侵权法上过失责任原则主流思想和当时法律对公平正义价值的时代追求的影响;在空运业快速成长时期,承运人责任由过失推定转向严格责任的原因在于弱势群体利益加强保护的观念、责任保险的有力推动和侵权法上安全价值与自由价值的搏弈选择;而空运业日益成熟的时期,公约选择了严格责任与过失推定责任并存的责任格局,其客观基础是两种责任在法律适用原理上的相容性和各国经济状况的现实差异。

Special doctrine of liability fixation is the result of special social condition and its developing is bound to follow social change . The history of development of Principle of civil aviation carrier responsibility is history of Airlift bud and grow up and mature . Presumption of fault is an inevitable select of safeguarding young airlift . Strict liability is the result of human care for victim and of efforts to social harmony and of more fair distribute on risk and lose . The choosing of double responcible principle is the result of different countries compromise in time of airlift mature . The revive of presumption of fault is to arouse carrier＇s initiative of preventing unlawful practice and of avoiding damages . the reserve of strict liability reflects a high regard for man life and a value for sense of good.