稚、幼鳖饲料配方的研究

Feed Formulae of Juvenile and Young Turtle1

设计了９种稚、幼鳖饲料，共进行４次饲养试验。软颗粒饲料（自然干燥，含水率约１０％）可以取得极高的饲料利用率，获得１０００ｇ鳖肉仅需耗费饲料蛋白５７０ｇ，远优于市售商品饲料１２００ｇ的值。唯稚鳖对其嗜好性差，摄食量少，致生长速度缓慢。以国产鱼粉和秘鲁鱼粉（均为褐色鱼粉）作为主要蛋白源加工成的软颗粒饲料和粉状饲料（制成面团）均未取得好的饲养效果。饲料中含有３８．７％的植物蛋白（豆粕、生物蛋白粉），同时减少鱼粉用量，稚鳖的生长和饲料效率这两个主要指标均有下降，但成本可大幅度降低，表明植物蛋白在饲料中应占有适当份额，比例过高并不适宜。生物蛋白粉的适口性优于豆粕。通过调整粘结剂的种类与数量等方法，可以较大幅度地改变现行鳖饲料的配方模式，达到提高水稳定性、降低成本并获取良好饲养效果的目的。本文报导的Ｄ和Ｂ１饲料即属这一类型，其试养实绩明显优于某品牌市售商品饲料。

Four feeding experiments with juvenile or young turtle were conducted by using nine kinds of diets. Very high feed efficiency ( 1.19 to 1.21 of food conversion ) could be obtained if soft pellet was used, i.e. 1000 g of turtle weight gain was produced with only 570 g of protein consumption in diet, which was superior to 1200 g of protein consumption in diet if commercial paste diet was used. Howevre, pelatability of the soft pellet to juvenile turtle was rather poor, resulting in poor growth speed. No good feeding effects were found when soft pellet diet and paste diet with brown fish meal produced domestically or in peru as the mean protein resource in diets were used. Turtle growth and food efficiency would decrease when 38.7% of plant protein ( soybean or bio protein meal ) were added to the diet, but the cost of diet could be reduced to a great extent, showing that a reasonable proportion of plant protein should be maintained in the diet. Pelatability of bio protein meal was better than that of soybean cake. The current formulation of turtle diet could be greatly changed by adjusting the kinds and quantity of binders, so as to be more stable in water, lower costs and better rearing results. Diet D and Diet B 1 described in this article belonged to the above mentioned diets, which were obviously superior to those commercially available diets as fas as rearing results were concerned.