野猪及其杂交群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化的研究

Analysis of Genetic Structure in Wild Boar and Their Crossbred Populations

采用PCR-RFLP和PCR-SSCP技术,通过对IGFBP3、LEPTIN、Zp3、MC4R及H-FABP这5个结构基因遗传变异的检测,分析野猪、杜洛克、长白及野猪与杜洛克、野猪与长白的杂交后代5个猪群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化,结果表明:(1)5个群体的平均位点杂合度和多态信息含量结果基本一致,野猪与杜洛克的杂交后代、野猪与长白的杂交后代最高,杜洛克、长白次之,野猪最低;(2)野猪、杜洛克及野猪与杜洛克的杂交后代这3个群体间总变异的17.9%来自种群间,而剩余的82.1%来自种群内;野猪、长白及野猪与长白的杂交后代这3个群体间总变异的27.1%来自种群间,72.9%来自种群内,因此,野猪与杜洛克或长白及野猪与它们的杂交后代的遗传分化均处于中等以上(Fst>0.15);(3)群体间Reynolds′遗传距离显示,杜洛克与野猪的遗传距离比长白与野猪大,可以认为杜洛克与野猪杂交产生的杂种优势较大。

The genetic polymorphism and differentiation were analyzed in Wild boar, Duroc, Landrace and crossbred populations of Wild boar × Duroc and Wild boar × Landrace with five structural genes by PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP. The results showed as follows： （1） In the above detected populations, the mean heterozygosity and PIC indicated that Wild boar presented low polymorphism while other populations had mediate polymorphism. （2） The results indicated that 17.9% and 82.1G of total variation were respectively from between and within three populations including Duroc, Wild boar and Wild boar×Duroe, while 27.1% and 72.9G of total variation were respectively from between and within three populations including Landrace, Wild boar and Wild boar × Landrace, so the genetic differentiation in Wild boar, Duroc, Landrace and their cross bred populations were at the mediate level（Fst〉0. 15）. （3） Distance of Reynoldsr indicated that Duroc and Wild boar with larger genetic distance will bring greater heterosis than Landrace and Wild boar.