社会历史观研究中的微观分析与宏观描述——历史唯物主义研究中的新视角

On Micro Analysis and Macro Description in Studies of the Social History Concept——A New Perspective in the Study of Historical Materialism

在历史唯物主义的研究中,一些人强调生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑的宏观结构;而另一些人则强调历史唯物主义是现实的人及其历史发展的科学,从个人活动的微观维度来考察历史。实际上,马克思同时从这两个不同的维度来考察历史,并在不同程度上关注这两个维度的关系。因此在历史唯物主义的研究中,我们应该从个人活动的微观结构与社会的宏观结构相互作用的维度来考察历史发展过程,这样才能更好地理解历史。

Researchers of historical materialism differ in their emphases. Some tocus on me macro structure such as productivity and production relations, economic basis and superstructure. Others insist that historical materialism is a science of human beings and their historical development, thus they study human history from the micro dimension of individuals. In fact, Marx had studied history from both dimensions and attended to the relations between the two. Therefore, the author suggests, in the study of historical materialism, we should pay attention to the mutual relation between the micro stucture of individuals and the macro structure of the society in examining the development course of history. Only in this way can we properly understand history.