道德教育中道德图式的建构

The Construction of Moral Schema in Moral Teaching

道德图式是个体对知识、经验等加工而建构起来的道德知识结构，在儿童的道德发展中起着过滤、解释、定向、整合作用。基于现代图式理论，在道德教育中，教师了解儿童原有的道德图式及其发展水平、关注儿童的道德经验和生活环境、重视意识与无意识的交互作用、引导多维度的道德学习，并通过激活道德叙事、引发道德对话、增进道德体验等策略的综合运用，可以促进道德图式的建构。

Moral schema is the structure of moral knowledge that a person has constructed from the knowledge and experience. In the process of moral development of children, moral schema act as a filter, an explainer, a director and an integrator. Based on modern schema theory, teachers are supposed to understand children＇s original moral schema and its level of development, concern about children＇s moral experience and living environment, pay attention to the interaction of the unconsciousness and consciousness, and guide the multi-dimensional moral learning, which could promote the construction of moral schema by activating moral narration, initiating moral conversation, and furthering moral experience.