我国商业银行公司治理的特殊性分析

The Particularity of Corporate Governance of Chinese Commercial Banks

本文从实证角度提出我国商业银行与一般性公司在公司治理方面存在着许多差别。从治理目标来说,商业银行公司治理不仅要以股东利益最大化为出发点,还要考虑所有投资人的利益;从内部治理机制看,我国商业银行的股权治理单一,独立董事流于形式;从外部治理看,债权产品匮乏,金融市场欠发达。商业银行可从引入战略投资者;重视商业银行独立董事的作用;大力发展金融债券市场,积极推进利率市场化的进程;加快商业银行的产品创新,丰富商业银行的债权人结构,同时加强与企业除资金借贷以外的多种服务联系等方面入手建立起一套符合商业银行特征的公司治理机制。

From the angle of empirical study, there are many distinctions in the corporate governance between Chinese commercial banks and other ordinary enterprises. First, the target of governance is different. While maximizing the shareholder＇s interest, commercial bank has to pay attention to all investors＇ interests. Second, from the perspective of the internal governance mechanism, Chinese commercial bank＇s ownership structure is monotonous, and the board of directors fails to play the due role. Third, given the deficient debt financing products and the underdeveloped financial market, the external governance environment is also far from being satisfactory. Therefore, Chinese commercial banks should take following measures to build a corporate govemance mechanism to match their characteristics： （1） introducing the strategic investors; （2） emphasizing the function of independent directors; （3） vigorously developing the bond market, and pushing the market-oriented reform of interest rate; （4） accelerating the product innovation; （5） diversifying commercial bank＇s creditor structure; （5） strengthening various service contacts with enterprises other than loan business.