无位置传感器直流无刷电动机自整定模糊控制系统研究

Study on sensorless brushless DC motor fuzzy self-tuning-PID control system

本文在分析尢位置传感器直流无刷电动机的反电动势换相原理的基础上,建立了利用反电动势换相的数学模型。针对反电动势换相起动困难的问题,采用"三段式"起动技术,即转子预定位、外同步加速和外同步到自同步的切换,达到与有位置传感器相同的起动效果;控制方法采用自整定模糊-PID控制。系统采用双闭环调速,其中电流环采用滞环控制,转速环采用自整定模糊-PID控制器。研究结果表明:基于自整定模糊-PID控制器的无位置传感器直流尢刷电动机控制系统具有同有位置传感器直流无刷电动机控制系统同样好的控制效果,且超调小,较传统PID控制具有更好的静、动态特性。

Based on the analysis of position-sensorless brushless DC motor commutation and anti electromotive force during starting process, a commutation module is established based on anti electromotive force. In order to solve the start problem with anti electromotive force commutation, ＂ three step＂ start technology is adopted during starting process, which are rotor pre-positioning, speed up outboard synchronization and speed up from outboard synchronization switching to self-synchronization, and a result the same as using position-sensor is achieved. Self-tuning fuzzy PID controller is used in brushless DC motor control. The double-loop speed control is used in the system; the current loop is controlled by hysteresis control, and fuzzy-tuning PID controller is used in the speed loop. Simulation results show that this position-sensorless brushless DC motor control system based on self-tuning fuzzy-PID controller is as good as the brushless DC motor control system with position sensor, features fast response and small over-tuning; and has better static and dynamic characteristics than conventional PID controller.