论大屠杀与个体罪责

The Holocaust and Individual Responsibility for Crime

二战期间发生的大屠杀至今仍是历史记忆的重要主题。从雅斯贝尔斯在战后初期提出的"四重罪责"及阿伦特对耶路撒冷审判的质疑,到鲍曼对现代性与大屠杀内在关联的思考,再到格拉斯对少年时代纳粹经历的自我批判,无不表明惟有每一个个体都将自己作为独立之主体,并勇于承担自己之于历史总体的责任,大屠杀的悲剧才有可能被避免。

The Holocaust is still an important theme of historical memories till today.The four categories of guilt listed by Karl Jaspers in the early post-war days,Hannah Arendt's critique of the Jerusalem Trial,Zygmunt Bauman's reflection on the inner relationship between modernity and the Holocaust,and Günter Grass' self-criticism for his Nazi experience-all these thoughts are evident of the fact that only when each individual takes himself as an independent subject and shoulders his share of responsibilities to the historical totality might similar tragedies be avoided.