中国农村转型发展研究的进展与趋势

Recent Progress of Research in Rural Transformation Development and Its Trends in China

农村转型发展是推进农村产业结构升级、就业与消费方式转变,以及城乡协调发展的根本途径。文章系统地回顾了中国农村转型发展的研究历程,总结了各发展阶段的特点和研究内容,讨论了农村转型发展研究中存在的问题。认为中国农村发展研究经历了1949-1978年制度转型背景下以生产力为重心的农村转型,1979-1993年体制转型背景下以经济为中心的农村波动发展,1994年以后发展理念和经济环境演变下的农村转型发展等三个阶段。由于各阶段农村发展的内外部条件不断发生着变化,因此,同一阶段内农村发展的研究重点也有所侧重。最后,从农村发展的宏观战略与理论及方法,农村耕地保护、占用补偿和粮食安全,农村工业化、城乡转型与统筹发展及功能区划分,现代农业发展与农村产业结构调整及特色优势农业培育,新农村建设机制与模式等方面进行了展望。

Rural transformation development has not only promoted the rural industrial structure, employment structure and consumption pattern, but also influenced harmonious development between urban and rural areas. This paper systematically reviews the process of rural transformation development in China from 1949 to 2008. It also summarizes the characteristics and research matters during various stages, and discusses the research problems of rural transformation development in China. China＇s rural development has experienced three stages, which are transformation of political system, change of economic structure, evolution of development ideas under various economic environments. As the internal and external factors of rural development has changed at each stage, the main research matters of rural development has changed at the same stage. In light of many problems that the rural development faces during this transitional period, the following research areas in rural research should be emphasized： （1） macro-strategy, theory and methods of rural development; （2）farmland protection, compensation for possessing of cultivated land and food security; （3） rural industrialization, landscape type change from rm-al to urban areas, urban-rural integrated development, and rural functional regionalization;（4） modem agricultural development, adjustment of rural industrial structure, the cultivation of featured and advantageous agriculture;（5）mechanism and mode of new countryside construction.