旅游地利益主体博弈关系变迁的演进论解释

Evolutionary Perspective of Game Relationship for Tourism Destination Stakeholder

旅游地相关利益主体博弈关系实则是一个随旅游地自然、社会、经济、文化等因素变化而动态演化的过程,同时也是一个容易产生摩擦冲突的复杂过程。现有理论研究虽从多种角度对此问题进行深入分析,但基于构成论意义上的静态、机械逻辑分析与演绎体系使得对其关系的考察背离了真实演化状况,并且研究成果多以个案分析为主,仅对旅游地利益主体微观、局部关系进行考察,尚未从宏观整体上建立旅游地利益主体博弈关系演化的研究范式与共同纲领。本文正是在关注上述问题的基础上对现今旅游地利益主体关系研究成果进行梳理,辨析其研究现状与不足,提出以旅游地演化理论为指导,从时空角度动态审视旅游地利益主体博弈关系的演化过程及其规律性、演示其关系的演化轨迹与逻辑内涵,在此基础上构建了旅游地利益主体博弈关系演化理论研究框架,并展望其今后的研究方向与思路。

Game relationship of tourism destination stakeholder is not only a dynamic evolution process influenced by natural, social, economic, cultural and other factors of tourism destination in fact, but also a complex process which is easily to cause conflicts; therefore it becomes an important research field on tourism destination development. Among all of research theories, researches based on stakeholders theory and game theory were much more productive and made great achievement. At present, some researches based on stakeholder theory focus on theory, method discussion and its apphcation and evaluation in tourism planning and destination management, and other researches based on game theory mainly discuss game solutions of each decision-maker who participates in development of tourism destination （ tourism enterprises, tourists, community residents, government agencies, etc. ）. Those studies have become one of essential requirements to sustainable development of tourism destination, but its perspectivs and methods still have significant limitations. Firstly, although the existing research theories analyzes it from a variety of perspectives, but those theories are based on sense of the static,so mechanical logic analysis and interpretation system makes current surveys deviated from true evolution process of living tourism destination, This objective reality requires that we must abandon existing passive, mechanical way of thinking, and from the dynamic point of view, analyze the game relationship of stakeholders on how to change with the evolution process of tourism destination, and explore its discipline. Secondly, most existing researches are case study, and only study micro and partially relationship of tourism stakeholders. This paper concerns about these questions and classifies current research theories of game relationship of tourism destination stakeholder, and distinguishes their research situations and limitations. After that, author takes tourism evolution theory as a guide, surveys the evolution process and law of game relationship of tourism destination stakeholder from time-space dynamic perspective, demonstrates its evolution track and logical meaning, finally builds research framework of the game relationship of tourism destination stakeholder and prospectes future research directions and ideas.