生态补偿主体的法律建构

Legal Establishment on Subject of Ecological Compensation

生态补偿机制运行首要解决的是谁补偿谁即主体问题,生态补偿的主体制度即是生态补偿实践中首要需要解决的问题。过分强调政府的补偿主体地位容易形成一个封闭的和单一的生态补偿主体,不利于形成开放的生态补偿主体体系,生态补偿主体的类型化可能背离生态补偿立法与实践的客观需求,弱化生态补偿理论的统摄力。生态补偿主体是抽象性和具体性的统一,它以权属明确为一般前提,在主体的权利明确的基础上才能进行各种利益之间的合作。生态补偿机制以政府补偿为主导,以厘清中央政府和地方政府职责为关键。生态补偿主体的建构应以责权利相统一为一般思路,以生态利益相关者概念界定为重点考量。生态补偿主体的建构过程是生态利益相关者不断博弈与合作的过程。

For the running of ecological compensation mechanism, it must firstly solve the problem of ＂who compensate whom＂, or the problem of subject. Too much emphasis on the government as the principal compensation subject will hinder the formation of a open subject system of ecological compensation, and typification of the subject of ecological compensation will depart from the objec, tive demand of legislation and practice, which will weaken the goveming power of theories. The subject of ecological compensation is the unification of abstractness and concreteness, with clear attribute as general premise in that interest cooperation is based on a clear property between subjects, governmental compensation is as dominance in ecological compensation, the government＇s （in ecological compensation central government and local governments） decentralization as the key. On the formation of the subject of ecological compensation, the common way of thinking should be the unification of responsibility, fight and interest, with the definition of relatives of ecological interests as the key consideration. The process of constructing subject is the process of game and cooperation among different relatives of ecological interests.