中国水土流失经济损失的货币化评价

Economical Cost Evaluation of Ecological Environment Degradation in China

绿色国民核算体系弥补了现有核算体系不足成为学者们研究的重点,而如何对生态环境进行经济核算是实现绿色国民核算体系的难点。本文通过对我国31个省(市、区)水土流失损失进行经济计量核算,得出以下结论:(1)我国水土流失空间差异显著,呈西强东弱,南强北弱的空间分布格局。(2)水土流失损失最多的五个省份是贵州、四川、云南、陕西、湖北,损失最少的五个省份是新疆、北京、海南、西藏、江苏。(3)我国水土流失损失约占全国GDP的1.45%,东部、中部、西部分别为0.35%、1.5%、4.6%,西部地区水土流失损失大于东部地区。(4)贵州的真实储蓄为负值,处于不可持续发展状态;西藏、云南、青海、甘肃、宁夏等省份真实储蓄虽大于0,但真实储蓄率较低,可持续发展能力低。(5)我国东部和西部的人均真实储蓄比值大于人均GDP比值,东、西部间的可持续发展能力差距比现实的经济发展差距更大。

The system of green national accounts that can recuperate the disadvantage of the system of national accounts has been a research key point, but how to assess the economical cost of ecological environment is a main difficulty. In China, unreasonable use of ecological environment results in serious soil degradation and worse ecological environment. To protect land resources, and the security of food and ecology, the government and scholars have focused on soil and water loss of China. In this paper, by assessing the economical cost of soil and water loss, the authors draw some conclusions as follows： （1） The spatial difference of soil and water loss is stronger in west region than that in east region, south region stronger than North Region. （2）The top five provinces of economical cost of soil and water loss are Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Hubei, and the last five provinces are Xinjiang, Beijing, Hainan, Tibet, and Jiangsu. The order of economical cost degree of main soil＇and water loss regions are mountainous area of South China 〉 Red Soil Hilly Region of South China 〉 Loess Plateau of Yellow River 〉 Rocky Mountain Area of North of China 〉 Gentle Hilly Black Soil Regions of Northeast China. （3） The total proportion of economicalcost of soft and water loss and GDP is 1.45%. East region, middle region, and west region is 0.35%, 1.5%, 4.6%, respectively, which illuminates that the economical cost of soil and water loss of west region is more seriously than that of east region. （4） The genuine saving is negative in Guizhou, which indicates these provinces are in the status of unsustainable development. At the same time, the genuine saving is higher than zero in Tibet, Yunnan, Qinghai, Gansu,Ningxia, but the rating of genuine saving is low, and the capacity of sustainablity is weak. （5）The ratio of per-genuine saving is bigger than GDP per capita between east region and west region, so the difference of capability of sustainable development is more serious than the real economical difference.