村落自生秩序与国家权力间关系的演变——基于相关研究的总结

The evolution of relationship between village's spontaneous orders and the state power-basing on a summary of the relevant research

在界定村落自生秩序与国家权力的基础上,可以从两者间关系演变的角度呈现村落转型的内在逻辑。通过对已有研究的总结,可以发现中国传统村落因为"权力的文化网络"而能够与国家实现较好的衔接,并保有一定程度的自主性;自近代以来开始的急切的国家政权建设,在相当大的程度上冲击了村落的自生秩序,不仅没有实现国家与村落的有效衔接,反而出现国家政权普遍的"内卷化";新中国成立后,由于全能国家的原因致使村落自生秩序再次受到全面冲击和压抑,结果是强大的党政体系主导村落的一切事务,因而谈不上村落与国家的衔接问题;改革开放以后,村落自生秩序各种形式的复兴在我国各地农村是一个普遍现象,但这并不意味着自生秩序与现代国家实现了有效衔接。对此变迁历程,需要结合我国近年来村落面临的新境遇展开进一步的探讨和展望。

Basing on the definition of the village＇s spontaneous orders and the state power, their relationship＇s evolution gives us a visual angle to present inner logic of villages＇transition.Through summarizingthe relevant research, it can be inferred that the reason for Chinese traditional villages could joint well with state power as well as maintain their autonomy is ＂power＇s cultural network＂. Urgent building of state power since modern times crashed the villages＇spontaneous orders, and it could not result in the effective joint between the state and village, but bring out the common ＂involution of state power＂.After the foundation of New China,the villages＇spontaneous orders were crashed and depressed by the totalism state, and then caused all the affairs of villages were dominated by the powerful party and political system, so the joint between villages and state is out of issue. Since the reform and opening, various kinds of regeneration of villages＇ spontaneous orders are common phenomena all over our countryside, but that not means villages＇spontaneous orders have been jointed with modem state effectively. To this transitional process, we need to consider the new conditions facing villages in recent years and make further discussion and prospect.