“向”的目标指向图式和“往”的空间定位图式——汉语介词“向”和“往”的区别探析

Schema for Chinese Characters"Xiang"and"Wang":An Analysis of Distinction between Chinese Prepositions"Xiang"and"Wang"

本文运用认知语言学的意象图式理论,认为制约介词"向"和"往"在语言中不同表现的深层机制是它们各自形成的意象图式不同:"向"形成的是目标指向图式,具有行进性和针对性的特点;"往"形成的是空间定位图式,具有确定性的特点。由此决定了"向"和"往"多方面的区别:共现的介词宾语不同;参与表达位移事件时,对动词的限制和表达现实位移和虚拟位移能力不同;由于语域不同而激活的事件场景不同。

By means of the image-schema theory in cognitive linguistics, it is put forward that the different usages of Chinese prepositions ＂Xiang＂and ＂Wang＂lie in their different image schema： ＂Xiang＂is progressive with a target schema, and ＂Wang＂is definite with a space-location schema. Thus,there exist different distinctions between Chinese prepositions＂Xiang＂and＂Wang＂, which are analyzed in detail.