现代性困境与教育艺术

Dilemma of Modernity and Art of Education

现代性困境在中国具有双重意蕴,一方面是现代性不足,另一方面是现代性问题凸显。这就需要把科学教育与人文教育、教育科学与教育艺术结合起来。教育是科学,更是一门艺术。古人讲究教育艺术,现代人推崇教育科学;古代人运用智慧,现代人追求知识;理想的教育是把二者完美地结合起来。"动之于情,晓之于理"是教育艺术的精髓;"因材施教"、"寓教于乐"是教育艺术的途径;积极引导、宽松环境是教育艺术的条件;提升境界、和谐发展是教育艺术的目的。只有把教育科学升华为教育艺术,才能创造人间奇迹。教育是崇高的事业,教育家和教育工作者必须高度关注人类的前途和命运、审视人类的精神处境,将教育看作现代化的动力,并成为现代性的思考者和批判者。重视和发展教育艺术应该成为帮助人类走出现代性困境的重要契机。

Dilemma of modernity in China means both insufficient modernity and conspicuous modernity problems, which calls for combination of science education with humanities education, and that of science of education with art of education. Education is an art more than science. Its art and pursuit of wisdom were emphasized in the ancient times while its science and acquisition of knowledge are stressed in modern times. However, the ideal education is combination of the two. The essence of the art of education is ＂touching a fight chord in a student＇ s heart and persuading him through reasoning＂ ; the approach to it is ＂adjusting teaching to fit the mind of each student＂ and ＂making entertainment a medium of education＂ ; its requirement is guiding students actively and creating a comfortable environment; its aim is raising their ideological level and help them develop harmoniously. Only by making education an art can a miracle be achieved. Education being a noble cause, educationalists and educators should pay special attention to the future and the fate of mankind and examine its spiritual state closely. They should view education as the driving force of modernization and become thinkers and critics of modernity. Improvement of the art of education should become a way out of the dilemma of modernity for the whole mankind.