近现代西方德育方法论的发展脉络与研究概况

Development of the Methodology of Modern Western Moral Education and a Review of the Previous Studies

近现代西方德育方法受到经验主义、实证主义、功利主义、自然主义等哲学流派的影响,在哲学观上实现了对传统德育方法的继承、批判与转变,充分体现了对受教育者的尊重、提倡自然的教育、注重世俗化、务实性等特点。文艺复兴运动以来,尤其是现当代,西方国家从多个学科角度研究道德教育,形成了各种流派,呈现出前所未有的活跃状态。实用主义德育理论、道德认知发展理论、"品格教育运动"、社会学习模式、认知发展模式、行为主义模式、体谅模式等,从不同的视角提出了道德教育的理论和方法。梳理西方近现代道德教育方法发展脉络,分析西方道德教育方法发展的特点及转向,有利于归纳与借鉴西方道德教育方法发展对我们的有益启示。

Modem western moral education, in which respect is paid to the educated who are instructed in a natural way and emphasis is laid on secularity and pragmaticality, has been greatly influenced by empiricism, positivism, utilitarianism and naturalism. Since the Renaissance, moral education has been studied multi-disciplinarily and a variety of schools formed in this field, thereby being at its most vigorous. Theories and methods of moral education have been presented from different angles in the pragmatic moral education theory, the moral cognition development theory, ＂the moral character education movement＂, the social learning model, the cognition development pattern, the behaviorist pattern, the pardon pattern and so forth. To our beneficial enlightenment, we must analyze the West moral education process development the characteristic and changes for the purpose of exploring our country the questions which exists in the moral education method. Tracing the thread of the development in modem moral education theory and method and analyzing its features and transition will give us an insight into the problems in China＇ s moral education, which will surely of great help to our exploration in this respect.