上海清代晚期戏园研究

Traditional Opera House in Shanghai of Late Qing Dynasty

清道光二十三年(1843年)后,上海开放为商埠,并很快发展成为国际性商业大城市。与之相应的是,各种戏曲剧种也纷纷涌入上海,在社会生活中发挥着极为重要的影响力。随着戏曲的发展,以商业赢利为目的的戏园逐渐兴起,成为上海清代晚期最为重要的演出场所。清代晚期的上海戏园达百余座,数量居全国之首,在中国剧场史上具有重要的意义。该文根据大量文献史料以及当时的写实性画报中的形象资料,分析了上海清代晚期戏园的历史沿革、空间特征、建筑形式、观演形式等。

Shanghai was opened as a commercial port after 1843 and soon developed into an international commercial megapolis. The traditional opera, as an important entertainment type at that time, played an important role in the whole social life in Shanghai. With the development of the traditional opera, the traditional opera house for the purpose of making profit, emerged gradually and soon became important performing place in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty. There were more than a hundred of these houses in Shanghai at that time, the most all over China, which have much significance to the history of Chinese playhouse. Based on historical documents and illustrated magazines of the time, this article analyzes these traditional opera houses from aspects of historical evolvement, spatial features, architectural characteristics and form of performing and watching.