基于主成分分析法的煤矸石山植被水土保持功能评价

Evaluation of Vegetation Soil and Water Conservation Function in Coal Waste Piles Based on Principal Component Analysis

运用主成分分析方法对抚顺西排土场植被水土保持功能进行评价。遴选植被冠层截留量、植被冠层高度、乔灌郁闭度、基部盖度、枯枝落叶层截留量、枯枝落叶层厚度和有效根密度7个指标建立评价体系,选取5种植被为研究对象,选择栽植后恢复3a和恢复5a的植被分别进行研究。对各植被水土保持功能指标进行计算和比较,运用SPSS13.0统计软件得出各植被水土保持功能的综合值。结果为恢复3a的植被水土保持功能排序为沙棘、紫穗槐、刺槐、小叶杨、油松;恢复5a的植被水土保持功能排名为刺槐、沙棘、紫穗槐、小叶杨、油松。研究表明:灌木在植被恢复早期所具有的水土保持功能较好,随着恢复时间的增加,阔叶乔木的水土保持功能逐渐增强。建议煤矸石山生态修复中采取阔叶乔木和灌木混交的模式。

The evaluation of soil and water conservation function to vegetation effect on coal waste piles of 5 restored vegetations in Fushun West waste-dump are calculated and compared through principle component analysis by setting up a series of indexes, including canopy interception, canopy height, canopy density, coverage, litter of weeds interception amount, litter of weeds thickness, effective density of roots. With the statistical software SPSS 13.0, the evaluation of soil and water conservation function is calculated. From high to slow, the restoration of 3 years are shrubby falseindigo, Sea-buckthorn, Locust, Simon poplar, Chinese pine, the restoration of 5 years are shrubby Locust, falseindigo, Sea-buckthorn, Simon poplar, Chinese pine. Research shows that the evaluation of soil and water conservation function of shrubs is better in early restoration of vegetation. As time passes the evaluation of soil and better conservation function of broad-leaved trees become better and better. The authors advise that the broad-leaved trees and shrubs mixing apply to coal waste piles to reconstruct ecological.