大型煤矸石山植被重建的土壤限制性因子分析

Research on Limited Factors of Reclaimed Soil in the Large Coal Wastes Pile in Fushun West Opencast Coal Mine

煤矸石是我国第一大固体废弃物,巨量煤矸石堆积压占了大量土地,并影响矿区及周边水土环境,煤矸石山的植被重建是解决上述问题的经济而有效的途径。国内外研究与实践表明,表层土壤特性是矸石山植被重建成功与否的决定性因素。由于表层物料组成以及所处地域等因素,目前对煤矸石山各限制性因子及其重要性看法有所不同,从而影响了措施设计及植被效果。本文以抚顺西露天煤矿等煤矸山为例,对大型煤矸石山植被恢复的诸多限制性因素进行了分析论述,认为表层风化物的主要限制性因子依次为质地、水分、养分、pH、盐分、表层温度、重金属等,这与以往研究有所不同,体现了该煤矸石山的区域特色。研究结果可为制定适宜的煤矸石山及其类似废弃物堆场的植被恢复措施提供依据。

Coal wastes are the most solid waste in China, which occupies a great deal of land, and affects surrounding environment in water and soil. Revegetation is a kind of economic and effective way to solve the problem. Research and practice at home and abroad indicate that the restoration of surface layer soil is the most important for successful vegetation. The understanding for the limited factors is different, which has affected the planning, design and effect of revegetation. In case of the coal waste pile of west openpit mine of Fushun, this paper analyzes the limited factors of revegetation. The results show that the limited factors in the coal wastes pile orderly are soil texture, soil moisture, nutrients, pH, salts, soil temperature and heavy metals, which are different from many other piles in China, and the order is of region characteristic. The conclusion can serve for revegetation measures design and surface soil reconstruction in coal wastes piles and similar mining wastes dumps.