稻田免耕稻草覆盖马铃薯光合特性的研究

Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Potato with Straw Covering and Zero-tillage Cultivation in Paddy Field

[目的]探索稻田免耕马铃薯高产的生理机制。[方法]采用随机区组设计,设马铃薯免耕栽培和传统翻耕栽培2个处理,在马铃薯块茎增长期间,测定供试叶片的光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率。[结果]一天中稻田免耕马铃薯的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率都高于翻耕处理,而胞间CO2浓度低于翻耕处理。免耕马铃薯平均每穴的产量为490 g,翻耕的为230 g,两者的差异达到极显著水平。同时,免耕的大、中薯个数及产量也明显高于翻耕处理。[结论]该研究从光合特性方面揭示了稻田免耕马铃薯增产的机理,为生产实践提供了科学依据。

[ Objective] The aim was to explore the physiological mechanism of high-yield potato with zero-tillage cultivation in paddy field. [ Method] Adopting the randomized block design, 2 treatments of potato with zero-tillage cultivation and the conventional tillage cultivation were set up. The photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate of the tested leaves were detected in the potato tuber increasing period. [ Result] The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and the water use efficiency of potato with zer6-tillage cultivation in paddy field were all higher than that of potato with the conventional tillage cultivation, but the intercellular CO2 concentration of potato with zero-tillage cultivation in paddy field was lower than that of potato with the conventional tillage cultivation in a day. The average yield per hole of potato with zero-tillage cuhivation was 490 g and that of potato with the conventional tillage cultivation was 230 g. There was great difference between the 2 treatments. Meantime, the amount of big and middle potato and the yield in the field with zero-tillage cultivation were all higher than that with the conventional tillage cultivation obviously. [ Conclusion ] The research discovered the mechanism of increasing yield of potato with zero-tillage cultivation in paddy field from the photosynthetic characteristics, which provided the scientific basis for the practice.