企业国际化程度与绩效关系研究

Relationship between the Degree of Internationalization and the Performance

国际化程度的测量是国际商务研究领域的基础性问题,国内外许多学者采用各种不同的定量测量指标来表征企业国际化经营过程中的国际市场涉入程度。但是,各种不同的定量指标使得有关国际化与企业绩效之间关系的实证研究结论变得互相矛盾。因此,构建有层次、有结构的国际化程度测量指标体系显得尤为重要。本文通过30家企业的预调研首先发展出了国际化程度的测量指标体系,改进了单一维度测量指标的不足之处,进而利用该测量体系研究了142家制造业企业国际化扩张与企业绩效的关系。实证研究结果表明,对于现阶段的中国制造业企业来说,国际化广度的提高有利于企业的成长,而国际化深度的提高对企业绩效的提升不产生促进作用。所以,通过代理机构或者直接自行出口,以及通过企业网络所形成的类似于综合商社的集群式组织进行产品出口是目前能够促进企业成长的最好途径。

It is a fundamentally question about how to measure the degree of internationalization in the international business research field. Many foreign scholars use different quantitive indicators to reflect the enterprises＇ international marketing involvement degree in the internationalization process. But, they bring more controversy about the relationship between the degree of internationalization and performance. So, it is an important work to develop the indicator system of the international degree. First, we develop an indicator system of international degree based on a pilot research. It improves the measure method of single indicator. Second, we use the indicators system to explore the relationship between international expansion and growth of Chinese enterprises based on the survey of 142 manufacturing enterprises. The result shows that the degree of internationalization scope will benefit the performance, but the degree of internationalization depth will not. Therefore, export by self or agency or enterprise network is the best choice of internationalization for the most Chinese enterprises now.