一九○九年上海万国禁烟会研究

A Study of the Shanghai International Opium Commission of 1909

万国禁烟会是在鸦片日益泛滥,各国开始认识到它对人类危害的前提下召开的。会议由美国发起,由中国主办,共有13个国家参加。在1909年2月1日至26日间,经过14次会议,20多个国家和地区通报毒品状况,通过了禁止鸦片、吗啡的9项协议。会议的最大成果是各相关国家在鸦片、吗啡问题上初步达成共识,确定了联合反毒禁毒的原则。会议公开举起反毒禁毒的旗帜,揭开了国际联合禁毒的序幕,为以后的海牙会议制定国际禁毒公约奠定了基础。同时,这次会议也促进了中国国内的禁毒运动。

The International Opium Commission was held in response to the increasing spread of opium and the dawning understanding of the danger it posed.Thirteen countries participated in the conference,which was initiated by the United States and hosted by China.Fourteen sessions were conducted between February 1-26,1909,with reports on the narcotics situation from more than twenty countries and regions and nine agreements banning opium and morphine.The biggest achievement of the Commission was a preliminary consensus by all relevant countries on the issue of opium and morphine and the establishment of universal principles of joint international narcotics control.The conference publicly upheld the suppression and prohibition of narcotics and thus raised the curtain for joint international narcotics control and laid the foundation for the International Opium Convention formulated at the subsequent Hague Conference.At the same time,the conference also encouraged the opium suppression movement in China.