农艺措施和施肥对渭北旱塬旱地玉米的影响

Study on Effects of Agricultural Measures on Growth and Yield of Maize in Drylands of Weibei Plateau of Shaanxi Province

2002—2003年在渭北旱塬（陕西省铜川市）进行了不同农艺措施和施肥条件下玉米地土壤墒情、玉米生长和产量试验。结果显示，覆盖、垄沟等措施都能够在一定程度上提高土壤水分含量，但降水量和降水时间分布特点对土壤墒情的影响更大。同常规种植的玉米相比，覆盖、垄沟和施抗旱专用肥等技术措施有利于玉米生长。渭北旱塬区玉米产量一般在7000kg·hm^-2左右，但不同处理间玉米产量存在较大的差异，其中以有地膜覆盖的处理增产效果最为明显，一般较常规种植增加35％～43％。比较2a的试验结果还发现农艺措施的效果与降水年型有关，在较干旱年份，地膜覆盖、垄沟和施抗旱专用肥等技术措施的增产效果更明显，玉米产量能够提高10％-15％。

The field experiments of the different agricultural measures and fertilizations on maize growth in the Weibei Plateau were conducted in 2002 - 2003 to study the effects of the different mulching systems and drought resistant fertilizer application on the soil moisture, and growth and yield of maize. The results showed that mulching and furrow could improve soil moisture, though it was affected strongly by the amount and distribution of rainfall in the dry lands. The stem diameter, leaf amount and height of maize were better in the treatments of mulching and usage of special fertilizers than in conventional practices. The yield of maize increased by the agricultural practices mulched with plastic film, furrow planting and usage of drought resistant fertilizer, especially by plastic mulching, which had 35% -43% more yield than that by the conventional treatment. The experiment also showed that there was a co-relation between the rainfall and the different agricultural practices. The plastic mulching showed a highest yield in the experiment. However, in the dry years, the furrow planting and drought resistant fertilizer application could gain higher yield.