具初始裂纹钢桥梁焊接构件疲劳裂纹扩展和疲劳寿命计算

Fatigue crack growth and fatigue life evaluation for welded steel bridge members with initial crack

钢桥梁构件因焊接缺陷或者在疲劳应力交互作用下萌生裂纹,钢桥梁构件因存在初始裂纹大大地降低焊接构件的疲劳性能。文中考虑到焊接构件往往会存在初始缺陷,研究了含初始缺陷的桥梁焊接构件的疲劳分析方法。在已有的大量含裂纹构件的疲劳实验工作基础上,结合课题组所做的焊接构件疲劳实验资料,假设初始裂纹焊接构件在疲劳裂纹扩展过程中裂纹形状保持为半椭圆形状;针对桥梁构件实际受力特征,由钢桥梁构件的高周疲劳损伤演化方程入手,考虑初始裂纹条件下裂纹前缘的损伤区的存在及其对裂纹扩展的影响,采用虚拟裂纹扩张方法推导了适用于钢桥梁构件的疲劳裂纹扩展分析的疲劳裂纹扩展率公式,建议了裂纹扩展和疲劳寿命数值计算方法。采用文中的计算方法,研究了已有的钢桥梁结构焊接构件疲劳实验的裂纹扩展过程和疲劳寿命的计算。计算结果表明:裂纹的扩展过程中裂纹的深度和表面半长度之比a/c是一个变化的数值,且在一定的a0/t0条件下,随着a0/c0的增加,循环次数逐渐增大。

Initial crack widely exists in the welded members of steel bridge induced by the welding procedure or by the fatigue damage crack initiation. The behavior of crack growth with a view to fatigue damage accumulation on the tip of cracks is discussed.Fatigue life of welded components with initial crack in bridges under traffic loading is investigated.Based on existing fatigue experiment results of welded members with initial crack and the fatigue experiment results of welded bridge members under constant stress cycles, the crack would keep semi-elliptical shape with variable ratio of a/c during the crack propagation. Based on the concept of continuum damage accumulated on the tip of fatigue cracks,the fatigue damage law suitable for steel bridge members under traffic loading is modified to consider the crack growth.The virtual crack growth method and the semi-elliptical crack shape assumption are proposed in this paper to deduce a new model of fatigue crack growth rate for welded bridge members under traffic loading. And the calculated method of the stress intensity factor necessary for evaluation of the fatigue life of welded bridge members with cracks is discussed.The proposed fatigue crack growth model is then applied to calculate the crack growth and the fatigue life of existing welded members with fatigue experimental results. The fatigue crack propagation computation results show that the ratio of crack depth to the haft crack surface length a/c is variable during crack propagation process and the stress cycle increases with the increase of a0/c0 with certain a0/t0.The calculated and measured fatigue lives are generally in good agreement,at some initial conditions of cracking, for welded members widely used in steel bridges.