钢丝绳减振器冲击载荷特性模型研究

Research on the shock load characteristic model of a wire-cable vibration isolator

为了分析钢丝绳减振器冲击载荷特性规律,进行了准静态加载试验和冲击试验。通过试验分析发现,冲击曲线和静态曲线均为非对称滞回曲线,前者的回线面积要大于后者。依据试验结果,将冲击载荷特性分解为不依赖速率的非对称滞迟特性和依赖速率的粘性效应两个不同部分,并从干摩擦机理上对依赖速率粘性效应的出现进行初步解释。基于这一分解方式,对各环节的特性进行数学描述,并将它们耦合,从而建立钢丝绳减振器冲击载荷特性模型。最后,以冲击特性理论模型和实测冲击输入为基础,建立基础冲击输入的单自由度系统,并采用数值方法计算冲击响应。冲击响应理论计算结果与实测结果基本吻合,说明所建立的钢丝绳减振器冲击特性理论模型是合理的。

To analyze the shock load characteristic of a wire-cable vibration isolator, the static loading experiment and shock experiment are carried out respectively. The experiment analysis demonstrates that the shock load characteristic curve and the static load characteristic curve are asymmetry loops and the loop area of the former is bigger than that of the latter. According to the experiment result, the shock load characteristic is decomposed into the rate independent hysterics component and the rate dependent viscous-type effect component.The appearance of the rate dependent viscous-type effect is explained simply from dry friction mechanism. Based on the decomposition mode of the shock load characteristic, the mathematical descriptions of the both components are performed and composed into the shock load characteristic model. Finally, a single freedom degree system with the actual shock input is established, and its elasticity element is characterized by the shock model. The shock response of the system is calculated with the numerical method. The calculated result basically is in accord with the testing shock response, and it shows that the shock load characteristic model presented in this paper is correct.