资源社会学的构建与重要研究领域展望

Establishing Disciplinary System of Resource Sociology Science and Its Key Research Fields

人类生活的世界,一个是地球赋予的自然世界;一个是自己创造的社会世界[1]。人地关系的核心表现为自然资源对社会经济发展的支撑和保障作用,以及社会经济发展对自然作用基础的压力和影响。目前由于我国资源利用和社会问题的层出不穷,迫切需要将社会学理论的原理、原则、观点及方法运用于对自然资源开发利用与保护的具体社会行为的研究,从而获得对社会利用自然资源的规律性的认识,并提出解决的方法。资源社会学包含有许多对社会学中层理论的提升和运用,又贴近于现实自然资源管理和社会生活实践,因而受到学术研究、政策研究和管理研究者的重视,成为资源科学学科建设和社会学学科建设的一个重要环节。本文尝试性提出资源社会学的研究对象、理论框架、方法论体系及其需要研究的重要领域,以供讨论和促进资源社会学分支学科的形成。

The world human being is living on constitutes of two parts： natural world provided by the earth system and social world built up by the humans. The core of interactions existing in man-land relations is featured as the supporting and ensuring functions of the natural resources system to the social and economic development process, as well as the pressure and influence of the socio-economic development on the natural resources systems. The results and effects of such interactions are the main drivers of the overall development of the society. In China, there is a high need to apply the principles, viewpoints and methodologies of social science research for the integrated use and conservation of natural resources, thanks to the growing demands and issues rising from the resource use and social development, in order to enhance the cognition of the functions of natural resource systems and provide guidance for further improvement. Due to the facts that the application of social science methods for the natural resources research involves the upgrading and testing of social science methods, and is also related closely to the practical practices, it is therefore attracted the attentions of the academic researchers, policy makers and planners and managers, and is increasingly becoming an important field of study in recent years. This contribution aims, for the first time, to bring forward the major research targets, theoretical framework, methodology and the most important research directions of the Research Sociology Science for the discussion and improvement of the scientists working at the similar field. The paper addresses that the Research Sociology is an integrated science disciplinary system dealing with the social structure, functions, occurring and development in the process of human＇s use and conservation of natural resources by looking at the social relations and social behaviors. It apples the principle of ecology and methods of social sciences, and exams the development of contemporary society and the behaviors of the organizations, groups and individuals during the process of natural resource utilization and conservation. It stresses the development, utilization, consumption and management behaviors of the stakeholders, and contributes to the participatory resources use and policy design in a long run. In addition, the paper points out the main domains of the integration of social and natural sciences into the Resource Sociology science by addressing the details of the research coverage, contents, and methods. And the necessity of establishing the disciplinary system and the key field of study needed for China are highlighted at the end of the paper.