基于广义熵原理的生态系统演化动力学

Ecosystem Evolution Dynamics Based on Generalized Entropy Principle

生态系统作为由大量组元组成的典型复杂开放系统,其演化动力学是当前学术界的研究热点和难点。本文定义了生态系统的"广义熵",指出控制生态系统演化动力学的物理学法则是"最大广义熵原理",即系统总是寻找一种优化过程使得在给定的约束或代价下广义熵最大,即总是使自身得到最大限度的发展。基于此原理导出了有序结构形成和演化的基本方程,并结合植被生态系统的案例数值模拟了有序结构形成和演化的动力学过程,由此形成了研究具体生态系统演化动力学的新方法。新方法的提出也为解决一般化的生态系统演化问题提供了从机理到具体量化分析的完整框架。

Ecosystems are typical complex systems with a great number of elements, whose study is a hot topic in sciences and is very difficult. The paper defines a generalized entropy for ecosystems. Physical laws for the evolution dynamics of ecosystem are expressed as the Maximum Generalized Entropy Principle （MGEP）, that is to say, every ecosystem always follows an optimization process so that the generalized ~ntropy of the whole ecosystem is maximal under given constraints, i.e., elements always tend most freely to expand themselves. Based on this principle, the basic equations of structural formation and evolution are derived, and a simulation method is proposed to reveal the dynamics of structural formation and evolvement. Finally a new framework for studying vegetation ecosystems is obtained, which can be used to deal with the problems of structural formation and evolution for general complex ecosystems.