“六观”与刘勰的文学批评思想——读解《文心雕龙·知音》

"Liu Guan" and Liu Xie’s Literary Criticism——An analysis of The Literary Mind and Carving of Dragon Bosom Friends(Wen Xin Diao Long Zhi Yin)

《知音》是《文心雕龙》中集中讨论文学批评问题的篇章,刘勰在该文中着重强调文学批评要理解和尊重作者的思想情感,但他同时又建构了一套比较体系化的客观批评框架,即"六观",这二者并不和谐。因此在《知音》中实际上包含了两套充满矛盾的文学批评理论范式,其一是以读者和作品为中心的批评论,其二是以作者为中心的理解论。刘勰期望兼顾二者,一方面建立一套客观化、逻辑化的文学批评规范,另一方面又能在文学批评方面切中时弊。

Bosom Friends is an article focusing on literary criticism in The Literary Mind and Carving of Dragon. In the article, Liu Xie emphasized that literary criticism should comprehend and respect the author;, on the other hand, he also put forward a series of critical standards, that is, ＂Liu Guan＂. So, in the article, there are two kinds of literary critical theory which contradict each other with one focus on authors and the other on readers. Liu Xie wanted to harmonize them in order to set up a criterion for literary criticism and correct the shortcomings in literary criticism at that time.