“兴”法与中国诗歌的道德基础

"Xing" and the Moral Basis of Chinese Poetry

"兴"作为中国诗歌创作中的重要并且独特的方法,不仅仅是物象、事件之间的类比,或是单纯的修辞手法,而且是中国传统诗歌中的道德思维的产物,它与西方以主体为基点、以自由意志为方向的进路不同,要求诗人较高的道德修养水平,通过观看外在的景物、同时去除掉主观性而引发心灵的同构之情。由此,"兴"不限于感性的类比和比附的主观创作方法,而是在其内容上具有了普遍客观性。在此基础上,大量使用"兴"法的中国的诗歌才不仅是对自然物象与个人心情的描绘,而具有了广阔而深刻的宇宙内涵与现实人生的价值意义。

＂Xing＂ shows a special and important thinking way of traditional Chinese poetry. This kind of thinking way prefers a moral aim which requires to give up self-will to make it possible that the objective world can manifest itself through the integration of the observer and the objects. This moral basis is absent in the Western epistemology, and furthermore, guarantees ＂Xing＂ a universal objectivity in addition to a subjective creative method of emotional analogy and comparison. On this basis, traditional Chinese poems not only are descriptions of nature and personal feelings but have more profound and deep implications and practical values.