论潜在就业与充分就业的分离

On the separation between latent employment and full employment

在新古典模型中,潜在就业与充分就业具有同一性,其内在机理是意愿的劳动供给由意愿的劳动需求所派生。这一理论无法解析在经济生活中大量存在的长期的总量性非自愿失业这一经验事实。为了拟合劳动供给的经验事实,必须对新古典劳动供给曲线进行修正:用劳动人口供给曲线替代劳动时间供给曲线;在劳动供给曲线上增加反映劳动年龄人口的外生性和最低劳动参与率的外生性特征的区间。当劳动需求不能吸纳外生的最低劳动参与人口时,潜在就业与充分就业就发生了分离。修正后的新古典模型在保持对摩擦失业、周期性失业和自然失业的解析功能的同时,增加了对长期的总量性失业的解析功能。

In Neo-Classical model, the latent employment and full employment shared with the same identity, have the same internal mechanization that the desired labor supple is derived from the desired labor demand, while the theory can not explain the empirical fact of long-term aggregate unemployment in the real economic life. In order to fit the empirical fact of labor supple, we must revise labor supple curve of the Neo-Classical： we should substitute the working time supplies curve for working population supplies curve; and the working population supplies curve reflects the interval section of both the labor-age population extremity and the lowest participation of the labor. When the labor demand can not absorb the external lowest labor participation, the latent employment will be separated from the full employment The revised Neo-Classical model has added to the analyzing function of the long-terrla aggregate unemployment on the basis of the those of friction unemployment, cyclical unemployment and natural unemployment.