学龄前儿童性心理教育调查及健康教育效果评价

Survey of early sexual education for children at preschool age and effect evaluation on health eduction

目的了解学龄前儿童性心理教育现状及评价相应的幼儿性心理教育的健康教育干预效果。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取深圳市福田区3所托幼机构学龄前儿童的家长和幼儿园教师作为研究对象，以PRECEDE—PROCEED模式为基础设计调查问卷，调查学龄前儿童的性心理问题及家长、教师对儿童性心理教育的知识、态度、行为。采取知识讲座、发放健康宣传册、座谈等方式进行9个月的健康教育干预，比较干预前后家长和教师知识、态度、行为的变化和儿童性行为的变化。结果共调查514名家长和102名教师，干预前，69．65％的家长和85．29％的教师不知如何回答孩子提出的性问题；43．00％的家长及27．45％的教师认为应从3～5岁开始性教育；40．55％的家长及3．92％教师表示进行过有意识的早期性教育；在家中观察到不同程度性相关行为的儿童占61．09％。干预后，家长和老师对开展早期性教育的知识、态度、行为均有所改善，其中有意识进行性教育的比例分别提高到59．84％和50．46％（均P〈0．01）；在家庭表现出性相关行为的儿童比例减少，为34．59％（P〈0．01）。结论深圳市福田区家长和老师对儿童早期性教育的认知不足，对家长和老师进行健康教育干预有利于提高家长和老师对早期性教育的重视程度。

Objective To get the message of early sexual education for children at preschool age and evaluate the intervention - effect on early sexual health education. Methods On the basis of PRE- CEDE - PROCEED Model, parents and kindergarten teachers in 3 kindergartens of Futian district of Shenzhen City were selected randomly by cluster sampling method for questionnaire investigation. Questionnaire on early sexual education of children at preschool age were applied to evaluate the status of early sexual education at first, then a health education intervention was carried out for 9 months through lecture, releasing health book, discussion and so on. Changes of knowledge, attitude and behavior of parents and teachers were evaluated. Changes of children＇ s sex - related behavior were evaluated as well. Results A total of 514 parents and 102 teachers were investigated. Before intervention, 69.65% of parents and 85.29% of teachers didn＇ t know how to answer children＇ s questions about sex. 43.00% of parents and 27.45% of teachers agreed that sexual education should start between 3 -5 years old. 40.55% of parents and 3.92% of teachers admitted that they had conducted early sexual education. 61.09% of children showed sex - related behavior of different extent in household. After intervention, both parents＇ and teachers＇ knowledge, attitude and behavior toward sexual education for children at preschool age upgraded significantly. The proportions of undertaking early sexual education were increased to 59.84% and 50. 46%, respectively （P 〈 0.01 ）. The proportion of children with sex - related behavior decreased to 34.59% （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Parents and teachers were lack of knowledge about early sexual education. Health education for parents and teachers is beneficial for promoting parents and teachers to pay much attention to early sexual education for children at preschool age.