近代湖北农村小农经济的作物模式及其制约因素

The Crop Model of Small-Scale Peasant Economy and Its Constraints in the Modern Rural Areas of Hubei Province

近代小农经济的作物模式主要受到以下几个方面因素的影响:首先,自然环境对作物选择的制约;其次,在小农生产的条件下,保障一家的吃饭问题的要求;第三,以利益刺激为中心的市场制度的作用。市场制度的不完善加大了农民进入市场的成本和风险,农民却只能借助传统的经验来对抗商业化中的不利处境。他们像任何一个谨慎的投资者一样,将其十分有限的作物面积分成几部分,一部分用来生产自给的作物,通常是粮食,一部分用来生产经济作物。由此决定了小农经济作物模式的主要特征,即粮食作物具有霸权地位,同时,经济作物也有一定程度的发展。

The crop model of the modern small-scale peasant economy is decided by the following factors. first of all, the natural constraints on the choice of crops; secondly, a guarantee of food requirements;thirdly,the stimula from the market system. When the perfect market system has increased the farmers＇ market costs and risks, farmers can only use the traditional experience against the commercialization of the disadvantages. As any prudent investors do, their very limited crop area is divided into several parts,one for self-sufficiency in the production of crops,usually food,part of the production to cash crops. It has decided the main features to the crop model of the small-scale peasant economy,that is,food crops have the hegemony,at the same time,cash crops have developed to a certain extent.