试论工人运动中的人力车夫——以民国时期的上海为中心

On the Rickshaw Men in the Labor Movement——Especially in Shanghai during the Republic of China Period

民国时期的上海,作为工人阶级重要组成部分的人力车夫,数量十分庞大。与产业工人一样,他们深受三座大山的压迫和剥削,而且绝大多数出身于破产的农民,和广大农民有着天然的联系。从理论上讲,人力车夫们应该有很高的政治觉悟,能够积极地参加反帝反封建的各种罢工运动。而实际上,他们很少参加罢工,其斗争的锋芒主要指向经济领域,而不是政治领域。

In Shanghai during the Republican period, there were hundreds of thousands of oppressed rickshaw men, most important members of the working class, who, like the other industrial workers, were bankrupt peasants, cruelly oppressed and exploited by imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, and naturally related to the peasants. Theoretically, they should have high political consciousness and actively participate in strikes against imperialism and feudalism. However, they just took part in some strikes not for political reasons but for economic interest.