清代民事诉讼中当事人的诉讼策略

Strategies of Litigants in Civil Actions in the Qing Dynasty

在一个民事利益不被重视的社会里,为了最大限度地维护自己的利益或争得对己有利的结果,清代民众在民事诉讼中或被迫或主动,而采取一些诸如强调自己起诉的被迫性、道德性语言及法言法语的运用、夸大案情、缠讼、抢先呈状或请求存案、反控及拒绝赴讯等策略。而这些无疑对诉讼结果起着或多或少甚至重要的作用。

In a society in which civil interests were not valued, in order to best protect their own interests or to acquire favorable results, the common people in the Qing Dynasty adopted, either actively or passively, strategies such as emphasizing that there was no possible solution except civil action, the use of ethic language and legalese, exaggeration of the facts, prolongation of the suit, submission of plaint in advance, requiring the case to be recorded, counter-claiming or refusing to appear in court, etc.