列车制动减速度控制问题的探讨

Discussion of Braking Deceleration Control of Railway Vehicles

针对高速列车或城市轨道交通列车高精度停车距离的要求,依靠ATP或司机根据前方停车距离不断修正制动指令来实施停车制动这一方法大多情况下是有效的,但是对于弯道和坡道等特殊情况下的制动,这一方法难以满足要求。为了更好地在各种路况下精确停车,本文首先对目前各列车制动控制模式进行比较,并分析各自不足,提出减速度控制方法;分析减速度控制采用车体减速度的必要性,并分析建立了直线下坡道以及下坡道和弯道同时存在情况下减速度计算模型,运用Matlab软件对模型进行了计算。计算结果表明:制动减速度可以用列车绝对纵向减速度近似代替。这一结果为减速度控制中减速度的获取提供了理论依据。最后对减速度控制作了展望。

At present, the high-speed train and urban rail transport vehicles require high-precision braking distances. Braking relying on ATP or the way that drivers keep on amending the braking instructions according to the forward braking distance is proved effective in most cases, but it is difficult for these methods to meet the braking requirements on curves and grades. In order to stop accurately in various conditions of railway lines, on the basis of comparison among the current train braking control modes and analysis of their respective weaknesses, deceleration control is proposed in this paper. Then the reasons of using body deceleration are introduced. The deceleration model for straight down grades and for coexisting curves and down grades is established and calculated by Matlab. Calculation results show that the braking deceleration speeds may be substituted by the absolute longitudinal deceleration speeds approximately. This result provides a theoretical basis for getting the deceleration speeds in deceleration control. Furthermore prospects of braking deceleration control are looked forward to.