2008年云南省小麦条锈菌生理小种变异监测

Monitoring of Physiological races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Yunnan in 2008

利用19个鉴别寄主对采自云南德宏、保山、大理、昆明、曲靖、昭通6个地州12个市(县)的小麦条锈病标样进行生理小种鉴定,结果明确的标样有72份,涵盖54个寄主品种。鉴定结果表明:云南小麦条锈菌群体结构复杂,小种类型丰富,本研究共监测到18个小种或致病类型,分别是条中17、条中18、条中21、洛10-6、条中31、条中32、Hybrid 46致病类群(Hy-5、Hy-6、Hy-7、Hy-8)、水源11致病类群(水-1、水-3、水-4、水-5、水-10、水-11、水-12、水-14)。其中,条中32处于首位,出现频率为44.44%,其次为水-14,出现频率为16.67%;处于第三位的是水-4,出现频率为5.56%;第四位是Hy-8和水-11,出现频率为4.17%;这几个小种为云南本年度优势小种,是当前抗条锈育种的主要对象。其它小种和致病类型出现频率都低于3%,为本年度次要小种。对7个抗条锈基因Yr1、Yr3、Yr3 b4 b、Yr6、Yr9、YrA、YrSu有毒力的毒性基因出现频率依次为93.01%、91.67%、55.56%、61.11%、77.78%、90.28%、93.06%,从其频率衡量,可认为这些基因已丧失抗性。

Identification to 72 samples from 54 wheat cultivars, which were collected from 12 town of Dehong, Baoshan, Dali, Kunming, Qujing and Zhaotong in Yunnan province on 19 differential hosts indicated that Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici was very complex and diverse in Yunnan province. 18 races and pathotypes , including CY17, CY 18, CY 21 ,lovren 10 - 6, CY31, CY32, Hybrid46 pathotypes（ Hy-5, Hy- 6, Hy-7, Hy-8,Suwon 11 pathotypes（Su-1, Su-3, Su-4, Su-5, Su-10, Su-ll, Su-12, Su-14）,were detected. The first dominant race was CY32 and its frequency was 44.44%. The second was Su-14 and its frequency was 16.67%. The third was Su-4 and its frequency was 5. 56%. The fourth were Hy-8 and Su-1 land their frequency vats 4.17%. They were dominative races in this year, and were the main object for resistance breeding to stripe rust. The frequency of other races was lower 3% and they were minor races. The occurence frequency of vriulent gene resistant to Yrl, Yr3, Yr3b4b, Yr6, Yr9, YrA, YrSu were 93.01%, 91.67 % ,55.56%, 6 1. 11% ,77.78%, 90.28 %, 93.06%, respectively .