1964～2006年乐山市狂犬病流行变迁因素与防制对策探讨

目的探讨狂犬病在乐山的流行变迁因素,为政府制订防制对策提供科学依据。方法收集1964～2006年乐山市狂犬病疫情资料和流行病学个案调查资料,借助SPSS11.0软件,采用卡方检验方法进行分析。结果1979年发病率较1978年上升13倍,1980～1989年发病人数占总发病数的71.40%,1998～2003年无病例发生,2004～2006年发病率回升到上世纪90年代初的发病水平。平均潜伏期(M)和潜伏期时间均为头面部<上肢<下肢(x2=43.402,P<0.000)。结论防制工作停止和犬只数量增加及伤口未及时处理和未注射疫苗是狂犬病发病回升的主要因素。加强组织领导和部门协调,坚持长期开展灭犬、管犬工作,加大防制知识宣传力度,及时正确处理伤口和疫苗注射是狂犬病防制的重要策略。

Objective The study was designed to understand the epidemiological features of hydrophobia and explore strategies for the prevention and treatment of the epidemic. Methods SPSS11.0 software package was used for chi-square test to make analysis on the epidemiological data of hydrophobia in Leshan city from 1964 to 2006. Results Statistics showed that the incidence rate of hydrophobia in 1979 increased 13 times than that in 1978, the cases from 1980 to 1989 accounted for 71.40 percent of total cases, there was no cases from 1998 to 2003,but the incidence rate returned to the same level as that at the beginning of last 90＇s in the period of 2004 to 2006. Both the average latent period （M） and the latent period showed the same result that the onset time of injury in head and face was shorter than that in upper limbs, and it was the longest in lower limbs（χ^2=43.402, P 〈0.0001）. Conclusion It were primary factors of incidence rate of hydrophobia rose back that the stop of prevention and treatment work, the number of dogs increased, the injury was not treated in time, and vaccine injection measure was not adopted in Leshan city. So it were important strategies for hydrophobia prevention and treatment to strengthen government leadership and harmony between related departments, insist on long-term work on dogs management, increase propaganda on hydrophobia knowledge, treat the injury in time and adopt vaccine injection measure.