美国对“国有企业私有化抵消补贴”的认定及我国的策略

Judgment on Privatization Offsetting Subsidies in the USA and Our State's Tactics

美国商务部判断国有企业私有化抵消补贴方法经历了几次修改。1989年美国商务部认为国有企业独立交易实现的私有化将会消除过去得到的补贴;1991年美国商务部又得出相反的结论。1993年美国商务部推出了"三步法",要求被申请人自行证明私有化过程中补贴利益的完全偿还,以证明补贴利益没有被传递。目前美国商务部运用的是"同一主体法",即如果交易前后的实体为同一个实体,则补贴将会传递给新所有者,私有化之后的企业会获得补贴利益;反之,则不会获得补贴利益。我国的策略是坚持WTO主张的独立交易法进行认定。

Doc. in the U S A. has revised its methods that judge whether privatization of state-owned enterprises offsets subsidies. In 1989, Doc. thought privatization of state-owned enterprises under independent transaction, but in 1991, concluded opposite conclusion. In 1993, Doc. applied three steps method, and the method asked defendants to testified completely repaying benefits from subsidies, testified benefits from subsidies not transferred. Now Doc. applies the same person method. If state-owned enterprises after privatization are the same person to that after privatization, enterprises after privatization will get to benefits from subsidies, or not get to benefits from subsidies. So strategy of China is to insist independent transaction method of WTO.