中国干旱环境中土遗址保护关键技术研究新进展

New progresses on key technologies for the conservation of Chinese earthen sites in arid environment

土遗址是指人类历史上以土为主要材料而建造的具有历史、艺术和科学价值的文化遗产。土自身的物理力学性质和建造工艺决定了土遗址的脆弱性,再加上长期的自然营力作用及人为等多重因素的影响,这些土遗址发育了各种病害。本文结合正在开展的国家十一五科技支撑计划土遗址保护关键技术研究课题,分析了我国干旱环境下土遗址保护研究现状和存在的主要问题,就干旱环境土遗址保护关键技术研究的最新研究成果和进展进行了初步总结,其中包括土遗址风化机理及病害评估研究、土遗址加固材料研发、土遗址锚固灌浆加固技术研究、土遗址保护加固技术规范和土遗址保护信息平台等几个方面的最新研究成果和进展。

The earthen sites refer to the cultural heritages that are mainly made of earth and of historical, art, and scientific value. The physical mechanics and construction technics of the earthen sites determined their fragility. With long-term influences from the nature itself and mankind, these earthen sites have developed various diseases. Combined with the ongoing project of Key Techniques Study for the Conservation of Earthen Sites in Arid Environment, supported by a National Key Technology Research and Development Program in the 11th Five-year Plan, this paper analyzes the present conservation and research situation of the earthen sites in arid environment and their main problems, and thereby summaries the latest research achievements and progress in the earth site studies, such as researching and evaluating the weathering mechanism and deteriorations, synthesizing the consolidating materials, researching the anchoring and grouting techniques, editing the technology standard of the conservation and consolidation and developing a conservation database, etc.