对明代宫廷音乐状况的几点认识

Aspects of the Court Music in the Ming Dynasty (dui mingdai gongting yinyue zhuangkuang de jidan renshi)

有关明代宫廷音乐状况的研究,学术界鲜有明确揭示,这对于完整的音乐史研究是不无遗憾的。固然,有明一代的宫廷音乐与此前那些繁荣兴盛的朝代相比是衰落得多,但具体状况到底如何,作为音乐史上环节之一的明代宫廷音乐,在两百多年的历史长河中自有其独特的风貌,我们在关注明代民歌小曲、说唱音乐的同时,自应对明代宫廷音乐的状况作些概括和归纳,从而得出对明代音乐史的完整认识。根据现有史料,我们至少可以得出以下几点认识,即:明代的雅乐主体并不健全;乐工难寻,道人充任;神乐观缺少教习,管理混乱;礼乐体制已经乖于古式;乐器等设施弊坏;音乐机构的正常功能已经蜕变。

Out of the sources at hand, the writer reconstructs several aspects concerning the court music in the Ming Dynasty, e.g. incomplete ya-yue ritual music, Daoists for the vacancy of court musicians, court ensembles without training and with poor management, ritual music system against ancient style, destruction of instruments and apparatus, decay of the normal functions of music institutes.