东岳真形图的地图学研究

Diagram of the True Form of the Eastern Sacred Mountain:A Cartographic Study

道教经典中五岳真形图虽属道符,却隐藏着唐以前道教地图学的独特成就。东岳真形图内,泰山的山体、山峰、山谷、洞穴、河流水源、登山路线、物产等多项内容,均以地图符号或注记方式,不同程度地得到近乎地理实际的技术表达,构成比较准确的泰山区域地形图,且具有近似等高线法的特点。其绘制方法对古地图学有所继承,系汉魏时期绘图传统影响下的产物,汇集了两晋南北朝隋唐道教地图学成就,代表这一时期中国地图学的另一技术流派,具有很高的地图学史意义和历史地理学价值。

The Diagrams of the True Forms of the Five Sacred Mountains(wu yue zhen xing tu 五岳真形图),mysterious talismans in the Taoist Canon,in fact cloak the unique achievements of Taoist-styled cartography.In the Diagram of the True Form of the Eastern Sacred Mountain(Mt.Tai)analyzed in this paper,the positions of the ranges,summits,valleys,caves,rivers and water sources,routes and products are marked with cartographic symbols or annotations.These approximate geographic actuality,providing a fairly accurate topographic map of Mountain Tai,with features roughly representing contour.In terms of map-making,it is an extension of ancient cartography and shows pronouncing influences from the traditions of the Han and Wei dynasties.As such,it offers an overall view of the development of Taoist cartography from the Jin dynasty to the Tang.As an alternative cartographic school in existence at that period,it has great significance for the history of map-making and historical geography.