马歇尔使华与苏联对华政策

Marshall's Mission to China and Soviet China Policy

为了维护雅尔塔体系中各自的利益,美苏力求使中国避免爆发大规模内战,支持蒋介石领导的国民政府实现中国的和平、民主和统一。在马歇尔调处期间,由于内战无法避免,欧洲冷战格局正在形成,使美蒋关系进一步密切,美国对华政策由调停国共冲突变成支持蒋介石以武力消灭中共。苏联出于对其在华利益得而复失的担忧,逐渐改变与国民党合作的立场,开始有条件地支持中国革命。中国政治力量重新组合,苏联和美蒋的关系由协调转变为对立,特别是在东北问题上出现了苏联和中共与美蒋对抗的态势。

In order to protect their own interests in the Yalta system,the US and the USSR sought to prevent the outbreak of a large-scale civil war in China and tried to support the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek in realizing peace,democracy and unity in China.While Marshall's mediation was under way,civil war seemed inevitable in China,and the Cold War was taking shape in Europe.This made the US draw closer to Chiang Kai-shek,and changed its China policy from one of mediating between the two sides to one of supporting Chiang in his attempt to wipe out the Communists by force.The USSR,worrying about once again losing its interests in China,gradually withdrew from its cooperation with the Nationalists and provided conditional support to the Communists.China's political forces thus underwent a reorganization.The USSR's relations with the US and Chiang Kai-shek went from coordination to opposition,particularly on the question of the Northeast,where the USSR joined the CPC in resisting the US and the Nationalists.