美国联邦职业技术教育立法监督管理机制的演变

Evolution of Monitoring and Management Mechanism of Vocational and Technical Education Legislation in the USA

100多年来,伴随着联邦政府对各州职业技术教育管理理念和手段的变化,美国联邦职业技术教育立法的监督管理机制也经历了由联邦政府创建监督管理办法,州和地方政府执行阶段,到联邦政府全面介入职业技术教育的监督管理阶段,再到联邦政府管理权利下放,监督职能提升,联邦、州与地方三级协商制定项目标准阶段的转变,形成了其各级政府分工明确、管理高效的优势。借鉴其经验,我国应创建中国职业技术教育立法的监督机制,强化职业教育立法过程监督。

During more than 100 years, with the changing of management view and measures of vocational and technical education of federal and state government, the monitoring and management mechanism of vocational and technical education legislation in America has transformed from the phase of federal government establishing monitoring and management methods and state government implementing to the phase of federal government intervening in monitoring and management of vocational and technical education comprehensively, and then to the phase of management power of federal government transferring and monitoring function upgrading, and federal, state and local government making program standard by consultation, which has formed the advantages of clear division of work and effective management. Referring its experiences, China should establish monitoring mechanism and strengthen process monitoring for vocational and technical education legislation.