论国家荣誉制度的宪法基础

On the Constitutional Foundation for the Institution of National Honor

国家荣誉是国家元首以国家名义授予的荣誉,在一国荣誉体系中具有最高权威性。国家元首授予是国家荣誉制度的宪法基础,但是国家荣誉制度的具体安排视各国宪法体制规定。我国在国家荣誉授予上已有一定的历史经验,在国家荣誉制度立法中要注意几个问题:增加国家荣誉种类,完善国家荣誉体系;扩大国家荣誉的适用范围,限制地方性荣誉的授予;理清国家荣誉授予标准,扩大国家荣誉授予对象;完善国家荣誉推荐、审查、授予、剥夺、恢复、处罚等程序。所以,国家勋章法应改为国家勋章奖章法,统一规范勋章和奖章的授予行为,暂不规定国家荣誉称号,而行政奖励法则规范行政机关授予荣誉及物质奖励行为。

National honor is an honor awarded by the head of the nation on behalf of the nation, which is a supreme honor in the system of national honors. The constitutional foundation of national honor is its awarding by the head of the nation, but the concrete rules regarding the national honor is prescribed by the constitutional institutions of every nation. Our country has some historical experience in the awarding of the national honor,, however, some issues shall be paid attention in the legislation of the national honor： increasing its types and improving its institutions; extending its range, restricting local awarding of such honor; and etc. Therefore, the Law of National Medal shall be amended as the Law of the National Medal and Decoration, the awarding action of medal and decoration shall be unified, the title of national honor shall not be regulated at present, whereas the law of administrative reward regulates the action of awarding honor and material reward by the administrative organs.