“自然”与“自然法”概念的古今之异--关于自然法学术史的一个初步反思

The Difference Between the Concept of"Nature"and"Natural Law"in Ancient and Modem Times

古典时代的自然法学说与近代的自然权利学说存在本质上的差异,这是由于对"自然"一词的古今理解不同导致的。古典时代的自然法是关于人本性的法则,是与形而上学不可分离的,近代以来的自然权利说是一种革命性的政治理论,与形而上学和人的本性没有必然联系。二战后对极权主义的反思导致了古典自然法的复兴。

Due to the different understandings of nature, there is an essential difference between classical natural law theory and modern natural fights theory. The classical natural law is law concerning the human nature, which is the outcome of metaphysical thought, while the modern natural right theory is a revolutionary political one, having no necessary connections with metaphysics and human nature. The reflections on totalitarianism after the WWII have resulted in the revival of classical natural law.